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CPK里的子组大小该怎么填

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在Minitab中,子组大小是指在一个采样时间点或批次内,连续收集的样本数量。填写时主要取决于你的数据收集方式和过程特性,核心分为两种情况:

  • 数据已按列填好(最常见)
    如果你的工作表里,同一子组的数据排在同一行,直接输入数字即可。

    • 示例:每天抽查5个零件,数据按行排列,那就填 5

    • 特殊情况:如果所有数据都堆在一列,而用另一列标明了子组编号,则需在子组大小处选对应的编号列。

  • 数据全在一列,未分组
    如果一列里有100个数据,且这些数据是按连续顺序自然成组的,直接输入子组内数据个数。

    • 示例:想每5个连续数据为一组,就填 5

核心选择逻辑:

  • 首选连续抽样:建议填 3 到 5。通常是在短时间内连续取样(如连续5件),能反映短期过程变异,敏感度适中。

  • 避免混入长期变异:子组大小尽量不要超过 10。过大的子组容易把换班、换批等长期变异包含进去,导致控制限过宽,失去监测意义。

  • 计数型数据:P图和U图的子组大小通常不固定,可直接选对应列。

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