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价值流图(Value Stream Mapping, VSM)是一个至关重要的精益管理工具。
它是一张直观的“可视化蓝图”,用于详细描绘一件产品从原材料到交付给客户的整个生产与服务流程中的所有物料流和信息流。
其核心作用在于:
系统化识别浪费:它让整个价值流动过程变得透明,能系统性地暴露过程中的七大浪费(如等待、搬运、库存等),而不仅仅是关注单个工序的瓶颈。
促进共同理解与沟通:为不同部门(生产、物流、销售等)提供了统一的语言和视野,让大家对当前状态有共同的认识,为改善奠定基础。
设计未来理想状态:VSM的核心不仅是分析现状图,更是要绘制一个消除了浪费的“未来状态图”。这为企业的持续改进提供了清晰的路线图和共同的奋斗目标。
连接工具与战略:它将具体的改善工具(如看板、快速换模)与企业的战略目标(如缩短交期、降低成本)联系起来,确保所有局部改进都服务于整体流程的优化。
价值流图是帮助企业从“局部视角”转向“全局视角”,从根源上优化流程、实现精益转型的战略武器。